Technical resources
Wayne Rubber’s engineering tools and reference data are built for the engineers, designers, and buyers who work with rubber components every day. Use the interactive tools below to identify o-ring sizes, design seal glands, and match elastomers to chemical environments — or browse the reference sections for material temperature ranges, standard specifications, and design guidelines.
All tools are free to use and require no login. Wayne Rubber manufactures custom rubber components to the specifications you develop here. Contact our engineering team if you need design support or a quote.
Free tools for o-ring sizing, gland design, and material selection — updated with verified dimensional data from AS568, ISO 3601, JIS B2401, and Parker ORD 5700.
A quick-reference summary of the elastomers Wayne Rubber works with most commonly, including operating temperature ranges and primary application areas.
| Material | Temp. Range | Primary Strengths | Common Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrile (NBR) | −40°F to +250°F −40°C to +121°C |
Petroleum oils, fuels, hydraulic fluid | Hydraulic seals, fuel systems, automotive, O-rings |
| EPDM | −65°F to +300°F −54°C to +149°C |
Water, steam, weather, ozone, brake fluid | HVAC, water systems, outdoor seals, steam applications |
| Fluoroelastomer (FKM) | −15°F to +400°F −26°C to +204°C |
High temp, aggressive chemicals, fuels, acids | Chemical processing, aerospace, high-temp hydraulics |
| Silicone (VMQ) | −75°F to +450°F −59°C to +232°C |
Extreme temperature range, food contact, flexibility | Medical, food processing, oven gaskets, electronics |
| Neoprene (CR) | −40°F to +250°F −40°C to +121°C |
Weather, ozone, moderate oils, flame resistance | Marine, HVAC, construction, general purpose seals |
| HNBR | −40°F to +300°F −40°C to +149°C |
High heat + oil resistance, H₂S, sour gas | Automotive belts, oil field seals, refrigeration |
| Fluorosilicone (FVMQ) | −100°F to +350°F −73°C to +177°C |
Wide temp range + fuel and solvent resistance | Aerospace fuel systems, military, turbine engine seals |
| Urethane (AU/EU) | −40°F to +212°F −40°C to +100°C |
Exceptional abrasion and tear resistance | Hydraulic seals, wear pads, mining, heavy equipment |
| Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) | −5°F to +600°F −21°C to +316°C |
Universal chemical resistance, extreme temperature | Semiconductor, chemical processing, pharmaceutical |
Temperatures shown are general service ranges for standard compounds. Specialty formulations and higher-performance grades may extend these ranges. Contact Wayne Rubber for specific compound data sheets.
The four major o-ring standards used globally — what they cover, where they’re specified, and when to use each one.
AS568 (USA Inch Standard)
The Aerospace Standard 568, maintained by SAE International, is the primary o-ring standard in North America. Sizes are specified in inches across five dash series — -0XX through -4XX — each with a standardized cross section from 0.070″ to 0.275″. AS568 is the most widely stocked standard and is called out on the majority of US-designed hydraulic, pneumatic, and fluid power hardware.
Our O-Ring Size Search covers all 349 standard AS568 sizes with full tolerances in both inches and millimeters.
Metric / DIN ISO
Metric o-rings are sized by inside diameter × cross section in millimeters (e.g., 20×3.0). They are widely used in European hydraulic and pneumatic systems and in any globally designed equipment where inch sizes are not specified. Cross sections range from 1.0mm to 7.0mm in standard increments. Our database covers 554 metric sizes.
ISO 3601 (International Metric)
ISO 3601 is the international standard for fluid power o-rings, specified in millimeters. It is divided into four parts covering dimensional tolerances, acceptance criteria, and inspection methods. ISO 3601 sizes are specified on European, Asian, and international OEM equipment and are required for products sold into global markets. Our database includes 475 ISO 3601 sizes.
JIS B2401 (Japanese Standard)
The Japanese Industrial Standard JIS B2401 defines o-ring sizes for Japanese-manufactured equipment. It is organized into four series: P-series (dynamic/piston seals), G-series (static/general purpose), S-series (special sizes), and V-series (vacuum flange). JIS sizes are commonly required for Japanese automotive equipment, hydraulic systems, and industrial machinery. Our database covers all 270 JIS B2401 sizes across all four series.
Key design parameters that affect sealing performance across all rubber seal applications.
Squeeze & Compression
Sealing force in rubber components comes from controlled compression of the elastomer against mating surfaces. For o-rings, squeeze is expressed as a percentage of the cross-section diameter. Static applications typically use 15–30% squeeze. Dynamic applications use less — typically 10–22% — to limit friction and heat generation under reciprocating motion.
Use the O-Ring Gland Calculator to verify squeeze is within the recommended range for your specific cross-section and application type.
Surface Finish
Sealing surfaces must be smooth enough for the elastomer to conform and fill microscopic surface irregularities. For dynamic o-ring applications, Parker ORD 5700 recommends 8–16 RMS on the sealing surface and 16–32 RMS on the groove walls. Static applications are more forgiving — 32–63 RMS is typically acceptable for the sealing surface.
Avoid machined spiral tool marks on bore surfaces for dynamic seals, as these act as helical leak paths that pump fluid past the seal under reciprocating motion.
Gland Fill & Thermal Expansion
The gland must accommodate the o-ring at its maximum operating temperature. Rubber expands when heated — silicone expands significantly more than nitrile or FKM. The gland fill percentage (o-ring cross-sectional area ÷ gland area) should stay between 65% and 85% at the highest operating temperature to prevent extrusion from overfill.
If your application cycles through a wide temperature range, design the gland at room temperature fill of 70–75% to leave expansion headroom.
Chemical Compatibility
Chemical attack is the most common cause of premature seal failure in fluid systems. The elastomer must be compatible with every fluid it contacts — including the primary process fluid, any cleaning agents, lubricants used during installation, and temperature extremes that concentrate aggressive species.
Use the Chemical Resistance Guide to screen material candidates against your specific fluid list before specifying a compound.
Durometer selection affects sealing force, extrusion resistance, friction, and conformability to irregular surfaces.
| Shore A | Feel / Firmness | Best For | Avoid When |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40–50 | Very soft, gel-like | Low-pressure face seals, fragile mating surfaces, medical | High pressure, dynamic service, large clearance gaps |
| 60–70 | Soft, pliable Standard o-ring grade |
General sealing, static and moderate dynamic applications, irregular surfaces | High-pressure dynamic service without backup rings |
| 75–80 | Medium-firm Common upgraded grade |
Higher pressure dynamic seals, reduced extrusion risk, improved wear life | Very low clamping force, fragile or soft mating surfaces |
| 85–90 | Firm, stiff | High pressure (3,000+ psi), backup-ring replacement in some static apps | Uneven or irregular sealing surfaces, very low seating loads |
Engineering Support from Wayne Rubber
Wayne Rubber’s team can review your design, recommend a compound, and manufacture custom rubber components to your exact specifications — typically without tooling fees for standard profiles.